Research Prevention And Treatment Of Mesothelioma Disease Associated With Asbestos

Research Prevention And Treatment Of Mesothelioma Disease Associated With Asbestos Exposure

Experimental studies play an important role in researching possible treatments for mesothelioma and other respitory diseases associated with exposure to hazardous asbestos fibers. One interesting study is called, Changes in DNA 8-hydroxyguanine levels, 8-hydroxyguanine repair activity, and hOGG1 and hMTH1 mRNA expression in human lung alveolar epithelial cells induced by crocidolite asbestos by Heung-Nam Kim, Yasuo Morimoto, Tohru Tsuda, Yuko Ootsuyama, Masami Hirohashi, Takeshi Hirano, Isamu Tanaka, Young Lim, Im-Gyung Yun and Hiroshi Kasai - Carcinogenesis, Vol. 22, No. 2, 265-269, February 2001. Here is an excerpt: We examined 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua) formation and 8-OH-Gua repair enzyme activity in pulmonary type-II-like epithelial cells to determine whether oxidative stress induced by asbestos plays a role in its carcinogenic mechanism. A549 cells were incubated with crocidolite asbestos at concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 100 g/ml over 27 h. We then evaluated 8-OH-Gua formation, 8-OH-Gua repair enzyme activity and gene expression of 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) and human MutT homologue (hMTH1).

This was done using a high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with an electrochemical detector, endonuclease nicking assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Crocidolite induced the formation of 8-OH-Gua in DNA at concentrations of 50 and 100 g/ml. 8-OH-Gua levels increased at 9 h and had declined to near baseline at 27 h, whereas 8-OH-Gua repair enzyme activity peaked at 18 h post-crocidolite exposure. hOGG1 and hMTH1 mRNA levels were also increased by crocidolite exposure. These data suggest that crocidolite asbestos is associated with epithelial cell injury in the process of carcinogenesis through oxidative stress.

Another study is called, Preparation of the UICC Standard reference samples of asbestos by V. Timbrella and R.E.G. Rendallb - Powder Technology Volume 5, Issue 5, April 1972, Pages 279-287. Here is an excerpt: Abstract - The preparation of five half-ton standard reference samples of the commercially important types of asbestos for use in medical research is described. Details are given of the blending and milling of the raw materials to produce respirable fibrous dusts contaminated to a negligible extent during processing. Analysis by neutron activation showed that 10-mg quantities from one of these reference samples were accurately representative of the half ton.

A third study is called, Asbestos-Induced Epithelial Changes in Organ Cultures of Hamster Trachea: Inhibition by Retinyl Methyl Ether Mossman, B. T.; Craighead, J. E.; MacPherson, B. V. - Science, Volume 207, Issue 4428, pp. 311-313. Here is an excerpt:
The epithelium of the hamster trachea in organ culture undergoes hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia after exposure to the amphibole types of asbestos, crocidolite and amosite. These changes are inhibited when the synthetic vitamin A analog, retinyl methyl ether, is incorporated into the culture medium. These findings suggest a possible use for retinoids in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract disease associated with environmental exposure to asbestos.

Finally, a fourth study is called, Experimental studies in rats on the effects of asbestos inhalation coupled with the inhalation of titanium dioxide or quartz. By Davis JM, Jones AD, Miller BG. - Int J Exp Pathol. 1991 Oct;72(5):501-25. Institute of Occupational Medicine Ltd, Edinburgh, UK. Here is an excerpt: Abstract - Rats were exposed for 1 year, with a 2-year follow-up, to dust clouds consisting of a mixture of amosite or chrysotile asbestos with either titanium dioxide or quartz. The addition of titanium dioxide to asbestos did not increase levels of pulmonary fibrosis above the amounts produced by chrysotile or amosite alone. Quartz, however, greatly increased fibrosis above that produced by the asbestos types alone. Both particulate dusts caused an increase in the numbers of pulmonary tumours and mesotheliomas compared to asbestos alone but while tumours in animals treated with asbestos and quartz tended to occur earlier than tumours with asbestos alone, in animals treated with dusts containing titanium dioxide, tumour production occurred later than with asbestos alone. In animals treated with mixtures of asbestos and quartz, there was evidence of increased transport of fibres across the visceral pleural surface and this may be associated with the finding of a higher proportion of pleural mesotheliomas than previously reported in experimental inhalation studies from any laboratory using the main asbestos varieties. The presence of particulate dusts made little difference to the amounts of amosite fibre retained in the lung tissue but, with chrysotile, titanium dioxide appeared to increase retention while quartz reduced it.

If you found any of these excerpts interesting, please read the studies in their entirety. We all owe a debt of gratitude to these researchers.

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